Think you were exposed to HIV? Here is what to do now.

A possible exposure is frightening, but you have options, and the first few hours matter most. Here is a calm, step-by-step guide to what to do, and when emergency PEP can help.

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A Hollis nurse checking a patient's blood pressure at home

1. Do not wait until morning

If PEP is right for you, it works best the sooner it starts, ideally within hours and no later than 72 hours after the exposure. Waiting to see if you feel unwell does not help: HIV usually causes no symptoms in the first days, and a test taken now cannot show an infection from the last few days.

2. Take care of the immediate things

  • For a needle-stick or cut, let the wound bleed gently and wash it with soap and running water. Do not scrub, squeeze hard or use bleach.
  • For a splash in the eyes, nose or mouth, rinse with plenty of clean water.
  • After sex, there is no need to wash internally or douche. It does not reduce risk and can irritate tissue.

3. Speak to a physician

Whether PEP is recommended depends on the type of exposure, the time since it happened and what is known about the other person. A Hollis physician assesses this with you privately by phone or video, usually within 15 minutes of your call, and tells you honestly whether you need PEP.

4. Start PEP if it is recommended

If PEP is right for you, a physician comes to your home, hotel or office, usually within 2 hours, takes baseline tests and gives the first dose on the spot. You then take PEP every day for 28 days.

5. Test afterwards

A test on the day of the exposure only tells you your status before it. Follow-up HIV tests, usually at 4 to 6 weeks and again at 12 weeks after the exposure, are what give you your answer. PEP Complete adds an HIV RNA test at day 14 as an early check, but it cannot give a final answer while you are taking PEP, so the later tests are still needed.

This guide is general information, not a diagnosis. Every situation is different, so speak to a physician about yours. If you are in immediate danger, call 999.

Questions

Common questions.

Still unsure? The physician on duty can talk it through with you, any hour.

What counts as an HIV exposure?

Unprotected vaginal or anal sex, a condom that broke or slipped, sexual assault, sharing needles, or a needle-stick or blood splash. Oral sex, kissing and everyday contact carry very low or no risk.

Should I get an HIV test straight away?

A baseline test is useful, and we take one at the visit, but it cannot show an infection from the last few days. Follow-up tests are what matter.

What if I do not know the other person's status?

That is the most common situation. The physician weighs the type of exposure and the circumstances and advises you on whether PEP is worthwhile.